What is Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testicles and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. It is associated with increased aggression, sex drive, dominance, courtship display, and a wide range of behavioral characteristics. In addition, testosterone in both sexes is involved in health and well-being, where it has a significant effect on overall mood, cognition, social and sexual behavior, metabolism and energy output, the cardiovascular system, and in the prevention of osteoporosis. Insufficient levels of testosterone in men may lead to abnormalities including frailty, accumulation of adipose fat tissue within the body, anxiety and depression, sexual performance issues, and bone loss.
Excessive levels of testosterone in men may be associated with hyperandrogenism, higher risk of heart failure, increased mortality in men with prostate cancer, male pattern baldness.does masturbation decrease testosterone
buy Testosterone is a steroid from the androstane class containing a ketone and a hydroxyl group at positions three and seventeen respectively. It is biosynthesized in several steps from cholesterol and is converted in the liver to inactive metabolites. It exerts its action through binding to and activation of the androgen receptor. In humans and most other vertebrates, testosterone is secreted primarily by the testicles of males and, to a lesser extent, the ovaries of females. On average, in adult males, levels of testosterone are about seven to eight times as great as in adult females. As the metabolism of testosterone in males is more pronounced, the daily production is about 20 times greater in men. Females are also more sensitive to the hormone.
In addition to its role as a natural hormone, testosterone is used as a medication to treat hypogonadism and breast cancer. Since testosterone levels decrease as men age, testosterone is sometimes used in older men to counteract this deficiency. It is also used illicitly to enhance physique and performance, for instance in athletes.
Chemical Properties White crystalline powder with no aroma. Its melting point is 155℃, specific rotary power is [α]24D+109° (4%, ethanol), and its ethanol solution has the greatest absorbance at a wavelength of 240nm. It is easily soluble in ethanol (1:5), soluble in ether (1:100), and insoluble in water. LD50 (Large mice, venal transfusion) 326mg/kg. Studies show that it has latent carcinogenic effects on test animals.
Indications and Uses Testosterone is the main natural male sex hormone in mammals and is a steroid hormone with 19 carbon atoms. It is the main male sex hormone secreted by the testes, and it is also the most active male sex hormone. It promotes humans’ and animals’ sex organ and secondary sex characteristic development, sperm maturation, and protein metabolism for muscle strengthening. Testosterone controls the growth and development of male sex organs and male secondary sex characteristics. It is mainly used in replacement therapy for eunuchism, treatment for male menopause syndrome, and treatment for impotence, and it is also used in biochemical research.best testosterone booster
Pharmacokinetics Testosterone can bind non-specifically with plasma albumins in blood, and it can also bind with plasma sex hormone binding globulins. It can be converted into estradiol and estrone in peripheral tissue. Testosterone is mostly degraded in the liver, where its A-ring is restored, and it is converted into 17- ketosteroid under the effects of 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Along with androsterone, epiandrosterone, and etiocholanlone, it is combined with glucuronic acid or sulfate and excreted in urine. Most metabolites in urine that are excreted by binding to glucuronic acid belong to 17-ketosteroids.testosterone supplements
Health Hazard Controls secondary male sex characteristics Maintains functional competence of male reproductive ducts and glands
Increases protein anabolism; maintains spermatogenesis; inhibits follotropin
Increases male sex behavior; increases closure of epiphyseal plates
Biological Activity Endogenous androgen receptor agonist.
Biochem/physiol Actions Testosterone secreted by the testis is converted to dihydrotestosterone in the target tissues where it appears to mediate many of the biological actions of testosterone. Androgens direct the development of the male phenotype during embryogenesis and at puberty.low testosterone symptoms
Safety Profile Confirmed carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic and teratogenic data. Poison by intraperitoneal route. Human teratogenic effects by unspecified route: developmental abnormalities of the urogenital system. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. Workers engaged in manufacture and packagmg have shown effects from this hormone, e.g., enlargement of the breasts in male workers. A promoter. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Used as a drug for the treatment of hypogonadism and metastatic breast cancer.
Chemical Properties
Melting point 152-156 °C
alpha 101 º (c=1, dioxane 25 ºC)
Boiling point 370.65°C (rough estimate)
density 1.0484 (rough estimate)
refractive index 1.4709 (estimate)
Fp 5 °C
storage temp. 2-8°C
solubility 45% (w/v) aq 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: soluble18.2 mg/ml
pka 15.06±0.60(Predicted)
form powder
Water Solubility 22.79mg/L(20 ºC)
Merck 13,9255
BRN 1915399
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference 58-22-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference Testosterone(58-22-0)
EPA Substance Registry System Testosterone (58-22-0)
More Introduction:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone
