what is Diethylstilbestrol (DES), also known as stilbestrol or stilboestrol, is a nonsteroidal estrogen medication, which is presently rarely used. In the past, it was widely used for a variety of indications, including pregnancy support for those with a history of recurrent miscarriage, hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and estrogen deficiency, treatment of prostate cancer and breast cancer, and other uses. By 2007, it was only used in the treatment of prostate cancer and breast cancer. In 2011, Hoover and colleagues reported on adverse health outcomes linked to DES including infertility, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, preeclampsia, preterm birth, stillbirth, infant death, menopause prior to age 45, breast cancer, cervical cancer, and vaginal cancer. While most commonly taken by mouth, DES was available for use by other routes as well, for instance, vaginal, topical, and by injection.
DES is an estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. It is a synthetic and nonsteroidal estrogen of the stilbestrol group, and differs from the natural estrogen estradiol in various ways. Compared to estradiol, DES has greatly improved bioavailability when taken by mouth, is more resistant to metabolism, and shows relatively increased effects in certain parts of the body like the liver and uterus. These differences result in DES having an increased risk of blood clots, cardiovascular issues, and certain other adverse effects.diethylstilbestrol side effects of diethylstilbestrol
DES was discovered in 1938 and introduced for medical use in 1939. From about 1940 to 1971, the medication was given to pregnant women in the incorrect belief that it would reduce the risk of pregnancy complications and losses. In 1971, DES was shown to cause clear-cell carcinoma, a rare vaginal tumor, in those who had been exposed to this medication in utero. The United States Food and Drug Administration subsequently withdrew approval of DES as a treatment for pregnant women. Follow-up studies have indicated that DES also has the potential to cause a variety of significant adverse medical complications during the lifetimes of those exposed, including XY genital undermasculinization.
The United States National Cancer Institute recommends children born to mothers who took DES to undergo special medical exams on a regular basis to screen for complications as a result of the medication. Individuals who were exposed to DES during their mothers’ pregnancies are commonly referred to as “DES daughters” and “DES sons”. Since the discovery of the toxic effects of DES, it has largely been discontinued and is now mostly no longer marketed.
Description Diethylstilbestrol is a derivative of stilbene, and it differs from sin-estrol by the presence of a double bond with trans-configuration of the two phenyl groups. In terms of estrogenic activity, this drug surpasses both estrone and hexestrol.
Chemical Properties White solid
Uses Diethylstilbestrol was used as internal standard for the analysis of drug residues in urine of rats and calves by on-line HPLC with ultraviolet and continuous-flow fast atom bombardmentmass spectrometry detectors.
Definition ChEBI: Diethylstilbestrol is an olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a carcinogenic agent, a xenoestrogen, an EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor, an antifungal agent, an endocrine disruptor, an EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor, an autophagy inducer and a calcium channel blocker. It is a polyphenol and an olefinic compound.diethylstilbestrol for dogs
General Description Mechanisms of the isomerization processes of molecular and anionic diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been reported. Estrogen activity of cis- and trans-diethylstilbestrol has been evaluated. Diethylstilbestrol is a carcinogenic synthetic estrogen.buy Diethylstilbestrol powder
Chemical Properties
Melting point 170-172 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 407.1±25.0 °C(Predicted)
density 1.107±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
solubility soluble in Methanol
pka 9.27±0.15(Predicted)
form powder to crystal
color White to Almost white
Merck 14,3129
InChIKey RGLYKWWBQGJZGM-ISLYRVAYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference 6898-97-1
Bioavailability Well-absorbed
Protein binding >95%
Metabolism Hydroxylation, oxidation, glucuronidation
Metabolites • (Z,Z)-Dienestrol
• Paroxypropione
• Glucuronides
Elimination half-life 24 hours
Excretion Urine, feces
More Introduction：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol
