how to use lidocaine hydrochloride oral topical solution
buy Lidocaine, also known as lignocaine and sold under the brand name Xylocaine among others, is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type. It is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia. When used for local anaesthesia or in nerve blocks, lidocaine typically begins working within several minutes and lasts for half an hour to three hours. Lidocaine mixtures may also be applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes to numb the area. It is often used mixed with a small amount of adrenaline (epinephrine) to prolong its local effects and to decrease bleeding.
If injected intravenously, it may cause cerebral effects such as confusion, changes in vision, numbness, tingling, and vomiting. It can cause low blood pressure and an irregular heart rate. There are concerns that injecting it into a joint can cause problems with the cartilage. It appears to be generally safe for use in pregnancy. A lower dose may be required in those with liver problems. It is generally safe to use in those allergic to tetracaine or benzocaine. Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic medication of the class Ib type. This means it works by blocking sodium channels and thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain.
Lidocaine was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948. It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 267th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
Physical and chemical properties Lidocaine hydrochloride is white and odorless crystal with bitter and numb taste. It is easily soluble in water, ethanol and organic solvents, but insoluble in ether. Aqueous solution in the case of acid and alkali do not break down, repeated autoclave rarely go bad.
Local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drugs Lidocaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. It is clinically used for infiltration anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, surface anesthesia (including in the thoracoscopy or abdominal surgery for mucosal anesthesia) and nerve conduction block. The drug can also be used for acute myocardial infarction after ventricular premature beats and ventricular tachycardia, and for digitalis poisoning, cardiac surgery and ventricular arrhythmias caused by cardiac catheterization. But it is usually ineffective for supraventricular arrhythmias.
Lidocaine hydrochloride is an amide local anesthetic. After blood absorption or intravenous administration, the drug has obvious excitement and inhibition of biphasic effects for the central nervous system, and no excitement of the pioneer. With the dose increased, the role or toxicity increased, there is an anti-convulsive effect with sub-poisoning plasma concentration; Blood concentration of more than 5μg • ml-1 can occur convulsions. Lidocaine hydrochloride in low doses can promote outflow of K+ in cardiomyocytes, reduce myocardial autonomy, and has antiarrhythmic effects. In the treatment dose, lidocaine hydrochloride has no significant effect for the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes, atrioventricular conduction and myocardial contraction. Increased plasma concentration may cause slowing of heart conduction, atrioventricular block, inhibition of myocardial contractility and decreased cardiac output.
Application what is Lidocaine hydrochloride used for is characterized by strong penetration, strong dispersion, rapidly onset. The anesthetic performance is twice that of procaine and the toxicity is1. There is an anesthetic effect after 5 minutes treatments, and anesthesia can last 1 to 1.5 hours, 50% longer than procaine. The drug is effective on the heart of the disease or arrhythmia caused by cardiac glycoside, but on the supraventricular tachycardia is poor. This product is fast and oral ineffective, with short duration, and often used as intravenous administration.
Metabolism Lidocaine is metabolized by the liver with only a small amount (3%) found unchanged in urine. The three main mechanisms of metabolism are shown below: N-de-ethylation > monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) > glycinexylidide Hydrolysis of glycinexylidide 5-hydroxylation of lidocaine’s benzene ring Lidocaine possesses convulsant activity. Hepatic disease or reduced hepatic blood flow (as in congestive cardiac failure) will lower metabolic capacity.
Adverse effect The incidence of adverse effect with lidocaine hydrochloride was about 6.3%. Most adverse effects are dose dependent. Adverse effects are drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, burnout, euphoria, insanity, muscle convulsions, syncope, blurred vision, confusion and difficulty breathing. Large doses lead to severe sinus bradycardia, cardiac arrest, severe atrioventricular block and weakened myocardial contractility, reduced blood pressure and so on. Excess concentrations of lidocaine hydrochloride in the blood cause some problems. For example, atrial conduction slows, atrioventricular blocks (A-V-B), and inhibits myocardial contractility and cardiac output decreases. There are little allergic effects, such as erythema rash, angioneurotic edema and so on.
Additional information Lidocaine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics of the amide type and in patients with porphyria. Reactions due to overdose with lidocaine (high plasma levels) are systemic and involve the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. Effects include medullary depression, tonic and clonic convulsions, and cardiovascular collapse Solutions in multidose vials may contain hydrobenzoate derivatives and have been associated with allergic reactions in some patients. As with all of the amide local anaesthetics protein binding is reduced in the neonate (50% versus 64% in the adult), which necessitates reduced doses if adverse reactions are to be avoided.
Precautions
Patients Allergic to other local anesthetics may be allergic to lidocaine hydrochloride.
The following circumstances with caution: Pregnancy, neonatal especially in premature infants, liver blood flow reduction, liver and kidney dysfunction, congestive heart failure, severe myocardial damage, low blood volume, shock and other patients.
Strictly grasp the concentration and total medication, excessive can cause convulsions and cardiac arrest; the body metabolism is slower than procaine, and there is accumulation, causing poisoning and convulsions.
Medication of the elderly should be adjusted the dose according to the needs and tolerability, and over the age of 70 should be halved.
Prevent straying into the blood vessels when anaesthetizing, prevent local anesthetic poisoning.
We should pay attention to monitoring blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and with rescue equipment when arrhythmia Treatment; drug administration should be immediately discontinued in some circumstances. For example, ECG P-R interval prolongs or QRS wave widens, other arrhythmia or the original arrhythmia deteriorates.lidocaine hydrochloride jelly usp 2
Chemical Properties White to Off-White Solid lidocaine hydrochloride topical solution
Uses Apply to affected site 5 to 10 minutes before procedure. Duration of anesthesia is relatively short (<1 hour).
Uses Local anesthesic;Na+ channel blocker
Uses Anesthetic (local); antiarrhythmic (class IB). Long-acting, membrane stabilizing agent against ventricular arrhythmia. Originally developed as a local anesthetic.
Definition ChEBI: Lidocaine hydrochloride is the anhydrous form of the hydrochloride salt of lidocaine. It functions as both a local anesthetic and cardiac depressant, and is commonly used as an antiarrhythmic agent. Its potency is higher and its effects last longer than those of procaine, but its duration of action is shorter than that of bupivacaine or prilocaine.
Safety Profile Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intratracheal routes. Human systemic effects: somnolence, respiratory depression, low blood pressure, cardiomyopathy includmg infarction, pulse rate increase. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. A skin and eye irritant. An anesthetic. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and HCl.
storage Store in a tightly closed container at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Do not freeze. Keep all medications away from children and pets.
Lidocaine hydrochloride Chemical Properties
Melting point 80-82°C
storage temp. Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility Water : ≥ 36 mg/mL (132.94 mM)
InChI InChI=1S/C14H22N2O.ClH/c1-5-16(6-2)10-13(17)15-14-11(3)8-7-9-12(14)4;/h7-9H,5-6,10H2,1-4H3,(H,15,17);1H
InChIKey IYBQHJMYDGVZRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES C(NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C)(=O)CN(CC)CC.[H]Cl
LogP 2.359 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference 73-78-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-, monohydrochloride (73-78-9)
More Introduction:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidocaine
